神经影像动物和超越的几个问题需要对多任务稀疏分层回归模型参数的推断。示例包括M / EEG逆问题，用于基于任务的FMRI分析的神经编码模型，以及气候或CPU和GPU的温度监测。在这些域中，要推断的模型参数和测量噪声都可以表现出复杂的时空结构。现有工作要么忽略时间结构，要么导致计算苛刻的推论方案。克服这些限制，我们设计了一种新颖的柔性等级贝叶斯框架，其中模型参数和噪声的时空动态被建模为具有Kronecker产品协方差结构。我们的框架中的推断是基于大大化最小化优化，并有保证的收敛属性。我们高效的算法利用了时间自传矩阵的内在riemannian几何学。对于Toeplitz矩阵描述的静止动力学，采用了循环嵌入的理论。我们证明了Convex边界属性并导出了结果算法的更新规则。在来自M / EEG的合成和真实神经数据上，我们证明了我们的方法导致性能提高。

新生儿癫痫发作是一种通常遇到的神经系统条件。它们是严重神经障碍的第一个临床迹象。因此，需要快速识别和治疗以防止严重的死亡。在神经学领域中使用脑电图（EEG）允许精确地诊断几种医疗条件。然而，解释EEG信号需要高度专业人员的注意，因为婴儿脑在新生儿期间发育不起。检测癫痫发作可能会妨碍对婴儿的神经认知发展的负面影响。近年来，使用机器学习算法的新生儿癫痫发作检测已经获得牵引力。由于需要在癫痫发作检测的情况下对生物信号进行计算廉价的生物信号，因此本研究提供了一种基于机器学习（ML）的架构，其与以前的模型相当的预测性能，但具有最小级别配置。拟议的分类器在赫尔辛基大学医院录制的尼古尔缉获量的公共数据数据上进行了培训和测试。我们的架构实现了87％的最佳敏感性，比本研究中选择的标准ML型号的6％增加了6％。 ML分类器的模型大小优化为仅为4.84 kB，最小预测时间为182.61毫秒，从而使其部署在可穿戴的超边设备上，以便快速准确，并避免基于云的需求和其他这种穷举计算方法。

心房颤动（AF）是全球最普遍的心律失常，其中2％的人口受影响。它与增加的中风，心力衰竭和其他心脏相关并发症的风险有关。监测风险的个体和检测无症状AF可能导致相当大的公共卫生益处，因为无误的人可以采取预防措施的生活方式改变。随着可穿戴设备的增加，个性化的医疗保健将越来越多。这些个性化医疗保健解决方案需要准确地分类生物信号，同时计算廉价。通过推断设备，我们避免基于云和网络连接依赖性等基于云的系统固有的问题。我们提出了一种有效的管道，用于实时心房颤动检测，精度高精度，可在超边缘设备中部署。本研究中采用的特征工程旨在优化所拟议的管道中使用的资源有效的分类器，该分类器能够以每单纯折衷的内存足迹以10 ^ 5倍型号优惠。分类准确性2％。我们还获得了更高的准确性约为6％，同时消耗403 $ \ times $较小的内存，与以前的最先进的（SOA）嵌入式实现相比为5.2 $ \ times $。

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

Real-world robotic grasping can be done robustly if a complete 3D Point Cloud Data (PCD) of an object is available. However, in practice, PCDs are often incomplete when objects are viewed from few and sparse viewpoints before the grasping action, leading to the generation of wrong or inaccurate grasp poses. We propose a novel grasping strategy, named 3DSGrasp, that predicts the missing geometry from the partial PCD to produce reliable grasp poses. Our proposed PCD completion network is a Transformer-based encoder-decoder network with an Offset-Attention layer. Our network is inherently invariant to the object pose and point's permutation, which generates PCDs that are geometrically consistent and completed properly. Experiments on a wide range of partial PCD show that 3DSGrasp outperforms the best state-of-the-art method on PCD completion tasks and largely improves the grasping success rate in real-world scenarios. The code and dataset will be made available upon acceptance.

When robots learn reward functions using high capacity models that take raw state directly as input, they need to both learn a representation for what matters in the task -- the task ``features" -- as well as how to combine these features into a single objective. If they try to do both at once from input designed to teach the full reward function, it is easy to end up with a representation that contains spurious correlations in the data, which fails to generalize to new settings. Instead, our ultimate goal is to enable robots to identify and isolate the causal features that people actually care about and use when they represent states and behavior. Our idea is that we can tune into this representation by asking users what behaviors they consider similar: behaviors will be similar if the features that matter are similar, even if low-level behavior is different; conversely, behaviors will be different if even one of the features that matter differs. This, in turn, is what enables the robot to disambiguate between what needs to go into the representation versus what is spurious, as well as what aspects of behavior can be compressed together versus not. The notion of learning representations based on similarity has a nice parallel in contrastive learning, a self-supervised representation learning technique that maps visually similar data points to similar embeddings, where similarity is defined by a designer through data augmentation heuristics. By contrast, in order to learn the representations that people use, so we can learn their preferences and objectives, we use their definition of similarity. In simulation as well as in a user study, we show that learning through such similarity queries leads to representations that, while far from perfect, are indeed more generalizable than self-supervised and task-input alternatives.

and widely used information measurement metric, particularly popularized for SSVEP- based Brain-Computer (BCI) interfaces. By combining speed and accuracy into a single-valued parameter, this metric aids in the evaluation and comparison of various target identification algorithms across different BCI communities. To accurately depict performance and inspire an end-to-end design for futuristic BCI designs, a more thorough examination and definition of ITR is therefore required. We model the symbiotic communication medium, hosted by the retinogeniculate visual pathway, as a discrete memoryless channel and use the modified capacity expressions to redefine the ITR. We use graph theory to characterize the relationship between the asymmetry of the transition statistics and the ITR gain with the new definition, leading to potential bounds on data rate performance. On two well-known SSVEP datasets, we compared two cutting-edge target identification methods. Results indicate that the induced DM channel asymmetry has a greater impact on the actual perceived ITR than the change in input distribution. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ITR gain under the new definition is inversely correlated with the asymmetry in the channel transition statistics. Individual input customizations are further shown to yield perceived ITR performance improvements. An algorithm is proposed to find the capacity of binary classification and further discussions are given to extend such results to ensemble techniques.We anticipate that the results of our study will contribute to the characterization of the highly dynamic BCI channel capacities, performance thresholds, and improved BCI stimulus designs for a tighter symbiosis between the human brain and computer systems while enhancing the efficiency of the underlying communication resources.

A step-search sequential quadratic programming method is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained stochastic optimization problems. It is assumed that constraint function values and derivatives are available, but only stochastic approximations of the objective function and its associated derivatives can be computed via inexact probabilistic zeroth- and first-order oracles. Under reasonable assumptions, a high-probability bound on the iteration complexity of the algorithm to approximate first-order stationarity is derived. Numerical results on standard nonlinear optimization test problems illustrate the advantages and limitations of our proposed method.

Differentiable Architecture Search (DARTS) has attracted considerable attention as a gradient-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS) method. Since the introduction of DARTS, there has been little work done on adapting the action space based on state-of-art architecture design principles for CNNs. In this work, we aim to address this gap by incrementally augmenting the DARTS search space with micro-design changes inspired by ConvNeXt and studying the trade-off between accuracy, evaluation layer count, and computational cost. To this end, we introduce the Pseudo-Inverted Bottleneck conv block intending to reduce the computational footprint of the inverted bottleneck block proposed in ConvNeXt. Our proposed architecture is much less sensitive to evaluation layer count and outperforms a DARTS network with similar size significantly, at layer counts as small as 2. Furthermore, with less layers, not only does it achieve higher accuracy with lower GMACs and parameter count, GradCAM comparisons show that our network is able to better detect distinctive features of target objects compared to DARTS.